Unveiling the Hidden Spectrum: A Study of Autism Prevalence and Challenges in Conflict-Affected Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq
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Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq, between 2015 and 2021.
Methods and Materials: Data were collected from the Autism Center's Statistical Unit, involving a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 1160 children. A descriptive and analytical research design was employed, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.
Findings: Results indicated a significant rise in ASD cases, with the highest prevalence observed in children aged 7 to 9 years (39.05%, n=453). Male children were more affected, comprising 77.33% of the sample, while females accounted for 22.67% (P<0.05). Urban residency was linked to higher ASD prevalence, with 60.26% of cases reported in city areas. First-born children were most frequently diagnosed, representing 33.62% of the total sample. The study revealed a notable increase in ASD diagnoses between 2015 and 2019, followed by a decrease in 2020 and 2021, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The enrollment at the center rose consistently (e.g., a 36.29% increase in 2019) but saw a decline of 1.034% in 2021.
Conclusion: It uniquely contributes to very limited data on ASD prevalence in areas where socio-economic challenge and conflict prevail. The results suggest that not only more awareness, early intervention, and a more even distribution of resources are needed in rural areas. This study fills gaps in current global ASD studies by providing specific regional insights of how local socio economic conditions and lack of healthcare infrastructure can influence ASD management and diagnosis. In this study, the modeling of rising ASD prevalence in conflict affected regions underscores the importance of targeted interventions and policy support.
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