Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the General Campus Climate Scale (GCCS) For Indonesian Higher Education Contexts
Campus climate is an atmosphere experienced by students related to their academic experiences, such as the treatment received from lecturers, staff, and peers, which can affect cognitive, emotional, psychological, attitudinal, and value aspects of students. Campus climate has two main dimensions, namely general campus climate and academic climate. The General Campus Climate Scale (GCCS) is a campus climate measurement instrument that has been widely used in various countries. However, the use of this instrument in different cultural settings requires an adaptation process so that the measurement results are valid and reliable. Until now, there has been no research that has adapted the campus climate measurement tool in Indonesia. This study aims to obtain a standardized Indonesian version of the campus climate measurement tool. The adaptation process is carried out by referring to the International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines, which include: (1) prerequisites, (2) test development, (3) synthesis, (4) expert review, (5) readability test, (6) layout, and (7) confirmatory analysis (CFA). Based on the results of the CFA analysis using the AMOS 22 program, it can be concluded that the campus climate scale consisting of two dimensions is theoretically appropriate and is an integral part of the campus climate. Judging from the goodness of fit criteria that have been met, the model is declared good. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also show that all indicators have a loading factor value above 0.5, so that no indicators are eliminated. This indicates that the developed model is able to represent actual conditions adequately.
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